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Prolonged usage of nicotine gum without the intention to quit smoking may lead to various health-related issues in the long run, including: Seizure Sleep deprivation Premature hair loss Increased risk of oral cancer Nicotine addiction Nicotine gum is available in two doses: 2 mg and 4 mg

But smoking doesnt cut short the unhealthy period at the end of life, Jackson told the Guardian

Inhalation Toxicology 18 , 255294, (2006)

We think more research on the effect of various fasting regimes in subpopulations of patients is needed before we can move one step further towards completely evidence-based pre-operative fasting guidelines.