Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Dang Nguyen & Pranil Man Singh Pradhan Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Dang Nguyen Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study (HIAS), Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan Phuong The Nguyen Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan Phuong The Nguyen International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan Robina Khan Niazi School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Vikram Niranjan Department of Public Health, UNICAF, Larnaca, Cyprus Vikram Niranjan International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan Shuhei Nomura Global Research Institute, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Shuhei Nomura Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan Mamoona Noreen Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen, China Nawsherwan Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Fred Nugen School of Information, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Fred Nugen Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea In-Hwan Oh Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Andrew T

Lowering nicotine intake Some alternatives allow smokers to reduce dependence gradually
The research showed that smokers living with other smokers or exhibiting higher nicotine dependence were substantially less likely to quit successfully, regardless of policy environment
The survey contained questions pertaining to EC users: (1) preference for refill fluid flavors and (2) conventional smoking and EC use history