The questionnaire collected risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including demographic and background characteristics, medical history (including family history of coronary artery disease in first-degree relatives), behavioral risk factors (khat chewing, smokeless tobacco, waterpipe smoking, and cigarette smoking), and medical risk factors (lipid profile, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose, waisthip ratio, and physical activity)
Similarly, a plurality of 12th grade students reported they had no close friends who smoked (Figure 6
Professor Leonie Brose, an addictions and public health expert at Kings College London, emphasized the urgency of addressing these misperceptions
Consequently, this report uses meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize evidence as appropriate