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We also hypothesize that the rapid increase in e-cigarette use after 2007, especially among teenagers, may partially explain why the increase in ANA prevalence was larger during the latter half of the study years and why the increasing ANA time trend was the most pronounced in teenagers ( The ANA time trends across the three smoking-exposure subgroups (as defined by serum cotinine level) are consistent with our hypothesis

As our understanding of vapings long-term effects evolves, individuals must make informed health choices and seek professional guidance when necessary

Long-term e-cigarette use and smoking cessation: A longitudinal study with U.S

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