The chart below illustrates the increasing average level of both lead and cadmium when going from Never Smokers to Past Smokers to Current Smokers. According to our analysis, cadmium levels were 306% higher for current smokers compared to never smokers (p 0.05)
According to the latest Global Youth Tobacco Survey updated 7 September 2023, the proportion of students using any form of tobacco (including shisha and heated tobacco products) has decreased from 15.9% in 2007 to 9.4%
High-quality printing method using a metal plate and rubber blanket to transfer designs onto paper, ideal for large-volume production with sharp, consistent results
The CRF covers six parts: 1) demographic features, including age, sex, education level, marital status, monthly individual income, ethnicity, height, and weight