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Vivar, and M

Is fairness in the distribution and finance of health and health care between people Is a graphical representation of a production function, showing all the combinations of inputs that will produce a particular output Intervene in the market for health care because markets fail to achieve Pareto efficiency and because markets can be inequitable Down Reflects their degree of risk aversion Is a source of insurance market failure and arises because of the asymmetry of information between individuals who wish to buy insurance and the insurance provider Measures how substitutable the factors of production are Are non-rival, non-excludable goods that are jointly consumed by everyone Is the change in output resulting from a change in the quantity of the input used, other things held constant Is a form of economic evaluation in which health benefi ts are usually measured in terms of quality adjusted life years (QALYs) Is simply defined as the allocation of scarce resources that maximises the achievement of aims May be retrospective or prospective Are spillover effects (positive or negative) incurred in the consumption or production of goods and services in the market 21 Clues: May be retrospective or prospective Can lead to physician-induced demand

As a result, Americas smokers are increasingly concentrated in states where cigarettes are cheap

Retailers like CVS have been particularly criticized for the inherent conflict of making money off of fast-growing pharmacies while at the same time selling products known to harm public health