current nicotine dependence F17.2 Index to Diseases and Injuries References The following annotation back-references for this diagnosis code are found in the injuries and diseases index
This could be assessed based on four factors:[5] Using nicotine upon waking Using nicotine despite being restricted from its use (e.g., banned in certain locations, activities, events) Using nicotine to avoid withdrawal symptoms Waking up in the middle of the night to use nicotine The study concluded that a significant correlation exists between individuals with a nicotine dependence and certain Axis I (e.g., alcohol and drug use disorders, major depression, dysthymia, mania, hypomania, panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder) and Axis II disorders (e.g., avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic, paranoid, schizoid, and antisocial PDs).[6] There was an especially strong association to disorders involving alcohol and other drug use, as well as mood disorders such as major depression, specific phobia, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders.[7] Nicotine smoking has also been found that put individuals at an increased risk for suicide, biopolar disorder, and a dose-response relationship has been found between smoking and schizophrenia
To request high resolution copies of this image, please contact: Convention Secretariat WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +41 22 791 5830 Related health topic Related links Related team
They were also less likely to report headaches or abnormal dreams and no more likely to experience insomnia or depression side-effects reported with varenicline
