The PS-ECDI is a 10-item questionnaire that asks about the frequency, intensity and motivation to consume, withdrawal development, and, nally, diculty in quitting
Retrieved September 16, 1013
Though more than 70 percent of Canadians who purchase cannabis now do so through legal sources, organized criminal groups are heavily involved in the remaining illegal cannabis market, from production to distribution. Marijuanawhich was legalized nationally in Canada in 2018 but remains federally prohibited in the U.S.is not completely without harms to consumers, however, with the study finding that it also scored relatively high for mental harms to users (dependence, withdrawal, short- and long-term impairment of mental functioning), ranking third in that combined category. When it comes to alcohol, which is federally legal in the U.S., it ranked first in 9 of the 16 harm categories: drug-related damage to physical health, withdrawal, short-term impairment of mental functioning, long-term impairment of mental functioning, loss of tangibles, loss of relationships, injury, family and social adversity, and economic cost, the study found

To ensure correct understanding and associations of the items as well as linguistic and grammatical quality, the survey was pretested in several steps by experts from the Institute for Teachers' Health and the Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine of the University of Mainz as well as a small sample of teachers