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This highlights a critical gap in clinical practice, emphasizing the need for hepatologists and gastroenterologists to be more proactive in identifying smoking as a risk factor for liver disease progression and in implementing strategies to promote smoking cessation among their patients

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The additive effects of nicotine on the severity of HFD-induced hepatic steatosis was associated with significantly greater oxidative stress, increased hepatic TG levels, higher incidence of hepatocellular apoptosis, inactivation (dephosphorylation) of AMPK, and activation of its downstream target ACC (42)

PMID 27256827