doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(00)70240-7
Some health effects of secondhand smoke include: Lung health risks or respiratory effects like coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, and pneumonia Cardiovascular risks like heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, narrowing of blood vessels, and reduced oxygen levels Lung, throat, nasal, bladder, breast, or lung cancer Miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight babies, sudden infant death syndrome, developmental delays, and weakened immune systems Cognitive decline and dementia in older adults, behavioural problems, attention deficits, and reduced academic performance among children, anxiety and depression in non-smokers Take note that these short-term and long-term health effects may also be triggered when engaging in cigar smoking and consuming other tobacco products since they can produce cancer-causing chemicals
Infected smokers during the MERS-CoV epidemic of 2003 showed more mortality rate than infected non-smokers [307, 308]
reuteri that disrupts the virulence capabilities of Staphylococcus aureus involved in toxic shock syndrome 67
