Smokers were at higher risk of other diseases in the study as well, including breast and prostate cancer, although the investigators wrote that more research is needed for these endpoints
Being overweight, having a higher body mass index (BMI), or dealing with obesity was linked to worse outcomes than 'typical weight' smokers
E-liquids typically contain just four main ingredients propylene glycol, vegetable glycerine, flavouring, and nicotine while cigarettes contain over 4,000 chemicals, including dozens known to cause cancer
Hwang JH, Lyes M, Sladewski K, Enany S, McEachern E, Mathew DP, Das S, Moshensky A, Bapat S, Pride DT, Ongkeko WM, Crotty Alexander LE (2016) Electronic cigarette inhalation alters innate immunity and airway cytokines while increasing the virulence of colonizing bacteria