However, for most users soy phospholipids are well tolerated and the soy base may actually be part of the benefit.12 When gut bacteria metabolize certain forms of choline, they generate trimethylamine (TMA), which the liver converts into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)
A different study submitting male rats to POS, a mix of EPA, DHA and vitamin A (P25-P76) reduced the cognitive impairments in adolescence (P46-51) and adulthood (P70-P76) as measured in FC and ORT [124]
12, 25, 46 However, most previous studies investigated the ratio of Glx (the sum of Glu+Gln) to creatine, 3, 11, 15, 16, 47 rather than concentrations of Glx or Glu
Hes used the subcutaneous route as well (source)