Information about data access request proposals can be found at Change history 28 May 2024 In the version of the article initially published, in Fig
Theoretical pairings appear in community discussion, but none are clinically validated, and combining experimental compounds compounds the unknowns
Conditions include alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and primary or metastatic liver cancer Renal dysfunction : Impaired kidney function reduces B12 elimination, causing accumulation even with normal intake Haematological conditions : Myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myeloid leukaemia, polycythaemia vera, and hypereosinophilic syndrome increase transcobalamin production, elevating total serum B12 Laboratory interference : Macro-B12 (immunoglobulin-bound B12) and assay interference can cause spuriously elevated results without true excess In clinical practice, unexplained hypercobalaminaemia should prompt investigation for underlying disease, particularly in patients without obvious supplementation history
While B12 injections are generally safe, some individuals may experience minor side effects, such as: Pain or swelling at the injection site Mild diarrhea Dizziness or headache Rare allergic reactions, including rash or difficulty breathing Severe side effects are uncommon
