The cells were harvested and disrupted at 4C with 425600-m (diameter) glass beads in buffer G [10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 300 mM sorbitol, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EDTA, and 1 M pepstatin A]
Figure 1 2.1 Overproduction of ROS One hallmark feature of IBD is the overproduction of ROS, which causes dysregulation of signal transduction, an inflammatory response, and DNA damage, all of which contribute to the progression and deterioration of the disease ( 2), nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl radical (-0H), hydroperoxyl radical (O 2 H), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and singlet oxygen ( 2.2 Damage to biomolecules ROS can damage various cell biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and DNA
they do this by changing their metabolic activities
a number of still debated mechanisms commit NO to react with GSH with the formation of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), which is considered an endogenous NO reserve that contributes to the intracellular regulation of nitrosative stress [18]