lithobates clamitans melanota Northern Green Frog (Subspecies melanota) · iNaturalist Lateral view of an adult

It is not yet well-understood how these bacteria can exert these benefits, but documented mechanisms of action include antimicrobial activity against major gastrointestinal 171 and urogenital pathogens 172 , barrier-promoting effects at the gut epithelium 173 and other mucosa 174 , immunomodulatory effects by stimulating host antimicrobial compounds such as - defensins 175 and modulating the secretion of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, IL-1b, IL-2, TNF-, and impacting different cell types such as intestinal epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and regulatory T cells 176,177,178

Imagine waking up more revitalized, free from stress-related fatigue, with a resilient immune system and increased vitality

& Kozumbo, W

Your healthcare practitioner may recommend a folate or L-methylfolate supplement