l carnitine and glp 1 GLP-1 Additives: B12, L-Carnitine & NAD+ How L-Carnitine and GLP-1s boost

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1711756 Received 23 September 2025 Accepted 31 October 2025 Published 19 November 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Jean-louis Mege, Aix-Marseille Universit, France Reviewed by Nadja Freund, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany Namrata Anand, University of Chicago Medical Center, United States Updates Copyright 2025 Su, Li, Yang, Yang, Wang, Ren, Bao, Lao and Luan

Curr Pharm Des 16: 122434

Heliyon 9 (9), e19452 (2023)

Given that increased expression of immunological genes was detected, various cytokines (LEGENDplex, BioLegend) were detected via multiplex flow cytometry in copper-treated HepG2 and HepG2 ATP7B-KO cells