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Abbreviations SFN: Sulforaphane Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 LC3-II: LC3-Phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate HFD: High-fat diet AMPK: Adenosine 5 -monophosphate -activated protein kinase mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin ULK1: UNC-51-like kinase 1 SREBP: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 ROS: Reactive oxygen species ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase PGC1: Peroxisome proliferator -activated receptor coactivator 1 HDAC: Histone deacetylase TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- IL-1: Interleukin-1beta Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ARE: Antioxidant response element ob/ob: Obese NO: Nitric oxide eNO: Endothelial nitric oxide HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ABCA1/G1: ATP binding cassette A1 and G1 AKT: Protein kinase B miR-34: MicroRNA-34 SIRT1: Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen AGEs: Advanced glycation end products ICAM-1: Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 RAGE: Receptor of advanced glycation endproducts VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cell PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gama TC: Triglycerides LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol CRP: C-reactive protein LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol GSH: Glutathione SOD: Superoxide dismutase Nox: NADPH oxidases NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-B FXR: Farnesoid X receptor LXR: Liver X receptor alpha PPAR-: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ERS: Endoplasmic reticulum stress FAS: Fatty acid synthases CHOP: Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone NRF1: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 TFAM: Mitochondrial transcription factor A FGFR1: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 FGF21: Fibroblast growth factor 21 NQO1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 IR: Insulin resistance GPx4: Glutathione peroxidase 4 STZ: Streptozotocin HOMA-: Homeostasis model assessment of -cell function PINK1: PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 HDAC2: Histone deacetylase 2 BMP-7: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 HO-1: Heme oxygenase 1 JNK: Jun N-terminal kinase BAX: BCL2-associated X Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 Trx-1: Thioredoxin-1 References Wu S, Tan J, Zhang H, Hou D-X, He J (2022) Tissue-specific mechanisms of fat metabolism that focus on insulin actions

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Chuang CC, Wang K, Chang CK, et al

doi: 10.1038/gim.2016.178 5 EinfeldSLKavanaghSJSmithAEvansEJTongeBJTaffeJ