Caffeine is an antagonist at A 1 and A 2A adenosine receptors and thus by binding to adenosine receptors can increase the release of various neurotransmitters (glutamate, serotonin, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine) (McLellan et al., 2016) and, at high concentrations, it is also able to inhibit phosphodiesterase thereby modulating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate and intracellular calcium in brain (Rodrigues et al., 2019)
Autophagy suppresses tumor growth In certain contexts, excessive or prolonged activation of autophagy triggered by severe amino acid starvation surpasses its protective capacity and induces cancer cell death
375 Furthermore, the consumption of n-3 PUFAs attenuates the levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin, reducing key leukocyteendothelial interactions and contributing to a reduction in CVD incidence
B., Nowak, J., Skjaerbaek, C., Flyvbjerg, A., Andreassen, T