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Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R et al

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Hybrid nanomaterials incorporating natural polymers like chitosan or cellulose with metallic cores could offer a sustainable and effective solution, provided challenges in manufacturing consistency and storage stability are addressed

Among them, the glutamate produced by the decomposition of glutamine via GLS not only provides the raw material for the synthesis of GSH but is also further metabolized into -ketoglutarate (-KG) in the mitochondria under the action of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) or transaminases and then enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle to produce ATP [29]